Wolf

ProvenceBeyond - Flora Wildflowers

Fauna > Wolf       - by Provence Beyond

Wolves are slowly repopulating the mountainous Beyond region, especially in the Massif du Mercantour. Wolves disappeared completely from France, England and Germany around 1930, although they survived well in Scandinavia, and some remained in Eastern Europe as well as in Greece, Spain and Italy.

During the past 20 years, the wolf population in Italy began expanding into the central mountain region and eventually into France. They were first seen between the Vallée de la Tinée and the Vésubie in November 1992, and are now established in the Parc National du Mercantour.

Wolves can cohabit with man. Wolves do not attack people, and will always stay as far away as they can. They are an integral part of the environment and, in addition to their beauty, serve a useful function. Wolves help control the populations of the wild dogs and other wild animals that are a real risk to sheep.

There is the eternal conflict between wolves and sheep farmers, although studies over several years in Italy show that only 6% of the wolves' prey are domestic animals. Sheep and wolves have been sharing the same land in Italy and Spain for a long time, and studies there have found methods of improving the protection of the sheep. In France, there is a system of technical and financial assistance to help the development of alpine sheep and dairy farming.

In Sept. 1996, wolves around the Massifs de Gordolasque and Authion, a few km northwest of the Col de Turini (map), had become enough of a nuisance that a "beat" was organized to scare them away from the area. Four hundred sheep and goats had been killed in the last year, 95% of them in this region. The "beat" was done by unarmed men without dogs, the intention being to scare the wolves away, not to harm or capture them.

Habitat

Lives in mountain forests, between 1000 and 2200 m altitude. In the Mercantour, the wolves have a territory of 8 - 10,000 hectares (about 20,000 acres). Wolves are capable of living in a wide variety of environments, including plains and open mountains, but choose the most remote and best protected areas. They make their homes in abandoned fox or badger dens, which they enlarge. They also dig their own dens, usually under a rock, between the roots of a tree, in a small cave or in thick brush.

Diet

Prefers the young or elderly ungulates, such as chamois, moufflons, deer and boar, and a small percent of sheep and cattle. They also eat birds, insects, rabbits, hares, marmots and just about any small animal. In the summer, 65% of the wolf's diet is fruit.